Pressland's Universal News Protocol

Universal News Protocol

This site is the living specification for the Pressland's Universal News Protocol (v 0.1), a new open standard for media production.

Universal News Protocol will bring greater transparency to the media business by providing a specification (implementable via an RDFa inspired protocol) for supplying in-depth context regarding an article's content, production and distribution.

Through this site, you can explore the protocol in its entirety, drill down through Entity, Property and Type definitions, view implementation examples and more. A live demo of Pressland's protocol-based analysis platform is currently under development; it is expected to debut with partners by year's end.

The v 0.1 draft protocol defines the following top-level Entities:

Entity
Article
Person
Outlet
WebsiteDetails
Tag
Keyword
Language
Section
Embed
Link
Country
Organization
Beat
Address

We maintain a public repository at https://github.com/pressland/protocol.

This site itself is generated from the definition files collaboratively maintained in the repository. All approved specification updates are automatically deployed to this site.

Entities

Below you will find detailed specification of the Entity types defined within the Pressland protocol.

Article

Data type: Entity

Properties from Article
Property	On Types	Description
`UNID`	UNID	The UNID for this article
`url`	URI	Canonical URI for this article; for web-based articles, this will be the URL
`pageTitle`	Text	Page title as defined by the <title> tag
`headline`	Text	Canonical article headline, typically defined by <meta name="description"> and/or <meta property="og:title">
`summary`	Text	As defined by <meta property="og:description">
`outlet`	Outlet	The publisher of this particular article in its indexed form. The outlet may not be the original publisher. For example, when an article is syndicated by a third party, the syndication will be indexed as its own article with its own UNID; in this case, the syndicator will be identified as the outlet, not the original publisher. See "basedOn", "syndicationOf" and "translationOf" for more sophisticated hooks between source articles and their potential offshoots
`publicationDate`	DateTime	Publication date and time, as defined in the article text and/or code
`writer`	array (Person)	Writers are defined as those carrying or sharing the byline on any given article; for audio, video and broadcast, producers may be considered the "writers" for their segments; must connect to a Person record.
`editor`	array (Person)	Editors include everyone in the article-production process, from the commissioning editor to the fact-checker; for audio, video and broadcast, this may also include producers, depending on their role; must connect to a Person record.
`type`	array (Text)	Type of article, options include: reportage wireServiceItem opEd opinion review explainer shortFeature longFeature qAndA profile essay recipe obituary transcript fiction newsletter textMessage poetry blogPost socialMediaPost narration policeReport affiliateMarketing sponsoredContent readerContribution pressRelease scientificPaper academicResearch Plus allowances for "other"
`otherHeadlines`	array (Text)	Other known headlines that are not connected to a distinct URL, for example headlines generated during A/B testing, written for newsletters and included in social media posts
`subheadline`	Text	Article subheadline, or subhed, if any
`dateline`	Text
`articleBody`	Text	Article text, excluding bylines, datelines, image credits and other ancillary text
`wordCount`	Integer	Article word count, excluding bylines, datelines, image credits and other ancillary text
`subject`	Text	Who or what is primarily being discussed, reported on, reviewed and so forth
`keywords`	array (Text)	Keywords are terms found to be associated with articles upon analysis by Pressland and other third parties after publication
`tags`	array (Tag)	Tags are terms associated with articles; they are included during article production
`hasCorrections`	Boolean	Does this article have an associated correction, as published by the source outlet?
`hasCorrectionUrl`	URI	If this article has an associated correction, what is the correction's URL, if any?
`hasCorrectionText`	Text	If this article has an associated correction, what is the text of this correction?
`linkToComments`	URI	Link to article comments
`countryOfPublication`	Country	The article's country of publication.
`language`	Language	The language in which the article is written.
`image`	URI	As defined by <meta property="og:image">
`section`	Section	Section, department, vertical or other outlet division that produced and hosts this article, eg, nytimes.com/section/sports
`subsection`	Section	Secondary section that produced this article, eg, nytimes.com/section/sports/ncaabasketball
`creationDate`	DateTime	Timestamp of article creation, as provided by the CMS or meta data
`revisionStatus`	Text	Is this article a revision of a previous version?
`earlierVersionUNID`	UNID	If revisionStatus = yes, what is the UNID of the original article? Note, there is no revision date or time; in this architecture, each revision receives its own UNID and is therefore its own distinct record; earlierVersionUNID is the connective tissue between originals and revisions
`paywalled`	Boolean	Is this article behind a paywall?
`publicationDetail`	Text	example: eg, "This article originally appeared in the Sunday print edition of the New York Times."
`revisionNumber`	Integer	The revision number for the article.
`revisedDate`	DateTime	The date of last revision for the article.
`cms`	Text	What CMS was used to publish this article? Prefilled options include: WordPress WordPress VIP WordPress Newspack Drupal GrapheneCMS RebelMouse Squarespace Wix Arc Chorus The New York Times CMS Clay NewsProject Joomla Medium Contentful Narrative Publiq Blogger NationBuilder Shopify Typo3 Movable Type Contentstack MailChimp Substack Custom Other
`productionNotes`	Text	Notes on this article's production — may be internal notes from the CMS or external documentation by the author and/or editor
`extId`	Text	ExternalID – a placeholder field for flexible use
`link`	array (Link)	Connection to Link record, which includes linkUrl, linkText and linkType
`embeddedMedia`	array (Embed)	Connection to an Embed record: any media item that is embedded in an article, including but not limited to photos, videos, tweets and PDFs. An Embed record includes: type sourceName sourceUrl title caption credit
`partOfSeries`	Boolean	Is this article part of a series, as organized by the publishing outlet?
`seriesName`	Text	If this article is part of a series, what is the name of the series?
`seriesPosition`	Number	If this article is part of a series, what numerical position does it occupy in the series?
`seriesCompanionUNID`	array (UNID)	If this article is part of a series, what are its companion articles, as identified by their UNIDs?
`basedOn`	Boolean	Is this article based on another article? Not to be confused with revisionStatus, basedOn indicates an inciting source article, such as the relationship between a blog post and the original article that inspired (and is likely cited by) the blog post
`basedOnUNID`	UNID	If this article is basedOn another article, what is the source article's UNID?
`syndicationOf`	Boolean	Is this article a syndication of an original article published elsewhere? Not to be confused with basedOn, syndicationOf indicates a direct relationship to source material, such as the relationship between a syndicated article on Yahoo Travel and the original article as it was published on Travel + Leisure.
`syndicationOfUNID`	UNID	If this article is a syndicationOf an original article published elsewhere, what is the source article's UNID?
`translationOf`	Boolean	Is this article a language translation of another article?
`translationOfUNID`	UNID	If this article is a translation of a source article, what is the source article's UNID?
`originalLanguage`	Language	The original language of the article
`copyright`	array (Text)	List of available copyright options, including: Standard U.S. Copyright Attribution (CC BY) Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) Attribution-NoDerivs (CC BY-ND) Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) Public Domain Unknown Other
`copyrightHolder`	Text	Name of the copyright holder, as identified in the article text, the outlet's website or another primary source
`copyrightYear`	Integer	Copyright year, as identified in the article text, the outlet's website or another primary source
`license`	Text	Other license term, if any, that is distinct from the copyright
`recordCreated`	DateTime	Record creation date and time, per Pressland
`recordLastUpdated`	DateTime	Record last updated date and time, per Pressland

json-ld Meta Tags

<script type="application/ld+json">
{
  "@context": "http://protocol.pressland.com",
  "@type": "Article",
  "id": "7fe51e631223ef688d9257deb452d92ee05075cc7b4840cbd5fee3f6bdc5f39b",
  "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/aug/26/athens-police-poised-to-evict-refugees-from-squatted-housing-projects",
  "title": "Inside Exarcheia: the self-governing community Athens police want rid of",
  "author": [{
      "@type": "Person",
      "id": "aa237e9db8d033",
      "name": "Alex King"
    }, {
      "@type": "Person",
      "id": "89f93a84b8f209",
      "name": "Ioanna Manoussaki-Adamopoulou"
    }
  ],
  "outlet": {
    "@type": "Outlet",
    "id": "646ef3e15489b6",
    "name": "The Guardian",
    "url": "https://www.theguardian.com"
  },
  "section": {
    "@type": "Section",
    "name": "cities"
  },
  "publicationDate": "2019-08-26T07:00:00+09:00",
  "dateline": "Athens, Greece",
  "revisionNumber": 0,
  "cms": "Guardian Composer",
  "type": [
    "reportage"
  ]
}
</script>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html prefix="oni: https://schema.pressland.com/oni/ns#">
  <head>
    <meta property="oni:id" content="7fe51e631223ef688d9257deb452d92ee05075cc7b4840cbd5fee3f6bdc5f39b" />
    <meta property="oni:url" content="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/aug/26/athens-police-poised-to-evict-refugees-from-squatted-housing-projects" />
    <meta property="oni:section" content="{&quot;name&quot;: &quot;cities&quot;}" />
    <meta property="oni:revisionNumber" content="0" />
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  <body>
    <div class="article">
      <h1 property="oni:title">Inside Exarcheia: the self-governing community Athens police want rid of</h1>
      <div class="publication-date" property="oni:publicationDate" content="2019-08-26T07:00:00+09:00">Mon 26 Aug 2019 07.00 BST</div>
      <div class="byline">
        By
        <span class="author" property="oni:author" typeof="Person" resource="aking">
            <span property="oni:name">
              Alex King
            </span>
          </span>
          and
          <span class="author" property="oni:author" typeof="Person" resource="iadamopoulou">
            <span property="oni:name">
            Ioanna Manoussaki-Adamopoulou
          </span>
        </span>
      </div>
      <div class="article-body">
        <div class="dateline" property="oni:dateline">Athens, Greece</div>
        <div class="article-content" property="oni:articleBody">
          <p>It’s just after 5am in the central Athens neighbourhood of Exarcheia. A group of Afghans and Iranians are sitting down together for breakfast in the middle of the street, with a banner that reads “No Pasaran” (“They shall not pass”) strung between the buildings above their heads. They laugh and joke as they help themselves to bread and cheese pies from the communal table.</p>
          <p>The public breakfast is outside Notara 26, a self-organised refugee accommodation squat. Since opening in September 2015, at the height of the refugee crisis, it has provided shelter to over 9,000 people. These ‘‘Breakfasts of Resistance” – held in the early hours when police-led evictions are most likely – have become daily events since Greece’s New Democracy government assumed office in July.
          </p>
          ...
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="footer-brand-wrap" property="oni:Outlet" typeof="Outlet">
      <div class="brand" property="oni:id" content="646ef3e15489b6">
        <div class="brand-title" property="oni:name">The Guradian</div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

Person

Data type: Entity

Properties from Person
Property	On Types	Description
`id`	ID	A unique person identifier, rendered as in the same manner as UNID, with concatenated values to be determined
`fullName`	Text	The full name of the person
`title`	Text	What title best describes this person's professional role?
`firstName`	Text	Person's first name, also known as given name
`middleName`	Text	Person's middle name
`lastName`	Text	Person's last name, also known as family name
`type`	array (Text)	Back-end classifier, currently accepting multiple selections of: writer editor publisher Additional planned options: executive subject source representative point of contact relative
`honorificPrefix`	Text	Honorific prefix of a professional nature, ie Dr., Rev., Hon.
`honorificSuffix`	Text	Honorific suffix of a professional nature, ie PhD, JD
`bylines`	array (Text)	Known bylines for this person:writer
`penNames`	array (Text)	Known pen names for this person:writer
`penNameStatuses`	array (Text)	Public vs. private, specified for instances of a private pseudonym becoming known through analysis or other reporting
`isNot`	array (Person)	To prevent record mismatch, who isn't this person? For example, two writers with identical bylines
`genderIdentification`	Text	Suggested gender identification options, as suggested by the National Center for Transgender Equality: male female unspecified other
`genderIdentificationOther`	Text	"Other" option for gender identification preference not shown above
`preferredPronouns`	array (Text)	Suggested preferred pronouns, as suggested by the National Center for Transgender Equality: he/him she/her they/them other
`preferredPronounsOther`	array (Text)	"Other" option for preferred pronouns not shown above
`alive`	Boolean
`birthDate`	Date	This person's birthday or year, to be included when deemed safe, useful and professionally relevant
`birthPlace`	Text	This person's place of birth, to be included when deemed safe, useful and professionally relevant
`deathDate`	Date	Date of death
`deathPlace`	Text	Place of death
`languages`	array (Language)	Languages known by this person, of particular importance for work produced in other languages
`nationality`	Country	Person's nationality, to be included when deemed safe, useful and professionally relevant
`image`	array (URI)	Image(s) of this person found in the public domain
`biography`	Text	Biography and/or professional description of this person
`biographySources`	array (URI)	Source(s) of biography
`location`	Text	This person's working location, to be included when deemed safe, useful and professionally relevant
`website`	URI	This person's professional website, when such website exists outside of the their affiliated outlet(s)
`representedBy`	Text	This person's agent, if applicable
`pointOfContact`	Text	Contact point or person for this person
`socialMediaAccounts`	array (URI)	Links to individual's social media accounts; private accounts will be included as links, but their contents will never be indexed
`beats`	array (Beat)	Beats are defined as subject matter expertise, professional specialities, known coverage topics and so forth; for outlets, these values are defined as "coverage topics," but they are recorded in the same Beat table
`sections`	array (Section)	Known sections that employ or include this person's work
`otherWork`	array (Text)	Professional output that isn't categorized as articles, and therefore are not indexed thoroughly, such as: non-fiction book novel film script television program scientific paper white paper other
`otherWorkURL`	array (URI)	Links to other work output
`mediaAppearances`	array (Text)	Media appearances by this person, such as: video radio live event podcast webcast film appearance other
`mediaAppearancesURL`	array (URI)	Link to media appearances
`subjectOf`	array (Text)	Other media that have covered this person as their subject
`currentEmployer`	array (Organization)	Current employer; is not necessarily an outlet; may include multiple values
`currentJobTitle`	Text	Current job title
`currentEmployerStartDate`	Date	Start date of current employment
`currentEmploymentType`	Text	Type of current employment, multiple options include: full-time part-time freelance contract volunteer other
`workEmail`	Email	Professional email account(s) for this person
`workAddress`	Address	Physical address of person's workplace, to be included when deemed safe, useful and professionally relevant
`workPhone`	Phone	Contact phone number, to be included when deemed safe, useful and professionally relevant
`pastEmployer`	array (Organization)	Past employer; is not necessarily an outlet
`pastJobTitle`	Text	Past job title
`employmentStartDate`	Date	Past employment start date
`employmentEndDate`	Date	Past employment end date
`pastEmploymentType`	Text	Type of past employment, multiple options include: full-time part-time freelance contract volunteer other
`alumniOf`	array (Organization)	Colleges, universities and similar educational bodies that count this person among their graduates
`degrees`	array (Text)	Accredited degrees held by this person
`memberships`	array (Organization)	Organizations to which this person is a member
`awards`	array (Text)	Awards given to this person
`affiliations`	array (Organization)	Organizations that count this person as a member, supporter or similar
`credentials`	array (Text)	Noteworthy credentials held by this person
`sponsoredBy`	array (Organization)	Organizations that provides non-compensatory financial support
`supportedBy`	array (Organization)	Organizations that provide compensatory financial support
`brandAssociation`	array (Organization)	Brands associated with this person
`supporterOf`	array (Organization)	Organizations to which this person provides financial or professional support
`advisorTo`	array (Organization)	Organizations to which this person serves an official advisory capacity
`owns`	array (Organization)	Companies that are wholly or partially owned by this person
`publicOffice`	Text	Public office(s) held by this person
`publicOfficeRecord`	URI	Link to third party documentation of office(s) held
`executiveOf`	array (Organization)	Executive positions held by this person
`executiveOfRecord`	URI	Link to third party documentation of executive position(s) held
`relatedTo`	array (Person)	Known family relations, to be included when deemed safe, useful and professionally relevant; under no circumstances are minors to be named, indexed or linked
`recordCreated`	DateTime	Record creation date and time, per Pressland
`recordLastUpdated`	DateTime	Record last updated date and time, per Pressland

Outlet

Data type: Entity

Properties from Outlet
Property	On Types	Description
`id`	ID	A unique outlet identifier, rendered as in the same manner as UNID, with concatenated values to be determined
`homePage`	array (WebsiteDetails)	Outlet's primary top-level domaim name
`name`	Text	Outlet's official name
`type`	Text	Which categories best describe this outlet's total output? In most instances, an outlet's print and digital operations will be indexed together. Options: newspaper, international newspaper, national newspaper, statewide newspaper, metro newspaper, county newspaper, local newspaper, community newspaper, altweekly website app, iphone app, android trade newsletter magazine journal zine blog podcast other
`alternateName`	Text	For example, WaPo as common shorthand for The Washington Post
`logoPrimary`	URI	Outlet's official logo
`logoSecondary`	URI	Outlet's secondary logo, if any
`imageOfProduct`	URI	Image of outlet's primary product; eg, front page of The New York Times
`description`	array (Text)	Description(s) of this outlet
`descriptionSource`	array (URI)	Source of description(s)
`slogan`	Text	Company slogan, motto and such
`coverageTopics`	array (Beat)	Primary coverage topics, when it's practical and useful to specify them
`sections`	array (Section)	Known sections produced by this outlet
`subsections`	array (Section)	Known subsections produced by this outlet
`areaServed`	array (Text)	Region or market primarily served by this outlet, if applicable and/or useful to specify
`address`	Address	Physical address of the outlet's primary operations
`email`	Email	Primary and/or general email contact
`phone`	PhoneNumber	Primary and/or general phone number
`fax`	PhoneNumber	Primary and/or general fax line number
`subscriptionRequired`	Boolean
`subscriptionAvailable`	Boolean
`subscriptionDetails`	array (URI)	Links to outlet's official social media accounts
`dateFounded`	Date	Founding date of this outlet
`dateClosed`	Date	When this outlet stopped publishing or otherwise went out of business
`legalName`	Text	Company's legal name
`companyType`	Text	Company structure, if any, if know, options: C corp. S corp. B corp. LLC Sole proprietor Nonprofit 503(c) Nonprofit Other Other
`companyStatus`	Text	Public Private Nonprofit Unknown
`foundedBy`	array (Person)	Founder(s) of this outlet
`foundingLocation`	Address	Founding location of this outlet
`parentOrganization`	Organization	Parent company, holding company and such
`subsidiaryOf`	array (Organization)	If this outlet is a subsidiary of another company or outlet, not to be confused with parentOrganization; eg, Barron's might be described as a subsidaryOf Dow Jones, while the parentOrganization is News Corp.
`relatedOutlets`	array (Outlet)	So-called "sister companies" to this outlet
`ownerOf`	array (Organization)	Subsidiaries that are wholly or partially owned by this outlet
`executivesCurrent`	array (Person)	Current executives who sit on the company's board and/or fall into the category of "upper management"
`executivesPast`	array (Person)	Previous executives who sit on the company's board and/or fall into the category of "upper management"
`publicEditor`	array (Person)	Outlet's public editor, ombudsman or equivalent role
`dunBradstreet`	Number	Dun & Bradstreet number
`writersGuidelines`	URI	Link to the outlet's writers guidelines
`numberOfEmployees`	Integer	Number of employees, in most cases defined as being full-time
`mastheadURL`	URI	Link to outlet's native masthead
`memberships`	array (Organization)	Organizations to which this outlet is a member
`awards`	array (Text)	Awards given to this outlet
`credentials`	array (Text)	Noteworthy credentials held by this outlet
`subjectOf`	array (Text)	Other media that have covered this outlet as their subject
`affiliations`	array (Organization)	Organizations that count this outlet as a member, supporter or similar
`brandAssociation`	array (Organization)	Brands associated with this outlet, if any; eg, MEL Magazine as a subsidiary of Dollar Shave Club
`supportedBy`	array (Organization)	Organizations that provide non-compensatory financial support
`sponsoredBy`	array (Organization)	Organizations that provide compensatory financial support
`events`	array (Text)	Events assoicated with this outlet; eg, TechCrunch Disrupt
`recordCreated`	DateTime	Record creation date and time, per Pressland
`recordLastUpdated`	DateTime	Record last updated date and time, per Pressland

WebsiteDetails

Data type: Entity

Properties from WebsiteDetails
Property	On Types	Description
`url`	URI	Home page, equivalent to outlet's "homePage" value
`domainName`	Text	Standard WHOIS value
`registrant`	array (Text)	Standard WHOIS value
`registryDomainId`	Text	Standard WHOIS value
`registrarWhoisServer`	Text	Standard WHOIS value
`registrarUrl`	URI	Standard WHOIS value
`creationDate`	DateTime	Standard WHOIS value
`updatedDate`	DateTime	Standard WHOIS value
`registrarRegistrationExpirationDate`	DateTime	Standard WHOIS value
`nameServers`	array (Text)	Standard WHOIS value
`technicalContact`	Text	Standard WHOIS value
`currentWhoisLink`	URI	Standard WHOIS value
`whoisHistoryLink`	URI	Standard WHOIS value
`outlet`	array (Outlet)	Outlet that publishes on this domain name

Tag

Data type: Entity

Properties from Tag
Property	On Types	Description
`name`	Text	Tags are terms associated with articles; they are included during article production.
`count`	Number	Total appearances in articles

Keyword

Data type: Entity

Properties from Keyword
Property	On Types	Description
`name`	Text	Keywords are terms found to be associated with articles upon analysis after publication
`count`	Integer	Total appearances in articles

Language

Data type: Entity

Properties from Language
Property	On Types	Description
`name`	Text	Name of the language
`code`	Text	ISO 639-1 language code for the language

Section

Data type: Entity

Properties from Section
Property	On Types	Description
`name`	Text	Name of section.
`parent`	Text	Name of parent section, if this is actually a subsection

Embed

Data type: Entity

Properties from Embed
Property	On Types	Description
`type`	Text	Type of embedded media. Options: photo video illustration infographic gif pdf table survey presentation other document tweet instagram snap other social media podcast song other audio other media
`host`	Text	Where is the embed hosted — locally or via API? local remote via API
`sourceName`	Text	Source name of the media embed, for example Getty Images, @LilNasX, UNESCO
`sourceUrl`	URI	Link to embedded media's canonical source
`title`	Text	Title of embedded media, if any, as it is presented in the article
`caption`	Text	Caption of embedded media, if any, as it is presented in the article
`credit`	Text	Credit of embedded media, if any, as it is presented in the article
`UNID`	UNID	UNID of article that included this embedded media

Link

Data type: Entity

Properties from Link
Property	On Types	Description
`text`	Text	Text that is hyperlinked within the article body
`url`	URI	URI of any hyperlink included in the article body
`type`	Text	Type of hyperlink found in the article body, options: internal external affiliate
`UNID`	UNID	UNID of article that included this link in its body

Country

Data type: Entity

Properties from Country
Property	On Types	Description
`name`	Text	Name of the country
`code`	Text	ISO 3166 country code for the country

Organization

Data type: Entity

Properties from Organization
Property	On Types	Description
`name`	Text	The name of the organization

Beat

Data type: Entity

Properties from Beat
Property	On Types	Description
`name`	Text	Beats are defined as subject matter expertise, professional specialities, known coverage topics and so forth.
`count`	Integer	Total appearances in writer, editor and outlet records

Address

Data type: Entity

Properties from Address
Property	On Types	Description
`name`	Text	The name line for the address (i.e. "John Doe"). Can be omitted in cases where not relevant
`line1`	Text	The first line of the address. For example: "742 Evergreen Terrace"
`line2`	Text	The second line of the address. For example: "Apartment 1A"
`city`	Text	The city of the address.
`stateProvince`	Text	The state, province or prefecture for the address
`postalCode`	Text	The postal code of the address
`country`	Country	The country for this address

Core Types

The following are definitions of the Pressland protocol Core Types.

URI

A URI value, rendered as Text.

Instances of URI appear as values in the following object properties:

Property	Description
url	URI of any hyperlink included in the article body
hasCorrectionUrl	If this article has an associated correction, what is the correction's URL, if any?
linkToComments	Link to article comments
image	Image(s) of this person found in the public domain
biographySources	Source(s) of biography
website	This person's professional website, when such website exists outside of the their affiliated outlet(s)
socialMediaAccounts	Links to individual's social media accounts; private accounts will be included as links, but their contents will never be indexed
otherWorkURL	Links to other work output
mediaAppearancesURL	Link to media appearances
publicOfficeRecord	Link to third party documentation of office(s) held
executiveOfRecord	Link to third party documentation of executive position(s) held
logoPrimary	Outlet's official logo
logoSecondary	Outlet's secondary logo, if any
imageOfProduct	Image of outlet's primary product; eg, front page of The New York Times
descriptionSource	Source of description(s)
subscriptionDetails	Links to outlet's official social media accounts
writersGuidelines	Link to the outlet's writers guidelines
mastheadURL	Link to outlet's native masthead
registrarUrl	Standard WHOIS value
currentWhoisLink	Standard WHOIS value
whoisHistoryLink	Standard WHOIS value
sourceUrl	Link to embedded media's canonical source

UNID

A unique article identifier, rendered as Text in accordance with the UNID specification. The formulation is the SHA256 hash of the colon-delimited concatenation of article url, title and the outlet's name.

Instances of UNID appear as values in the following object properties:

Property	Description
UNID	UNID of article that included this link in its body
earlierVersionUNID	If revisionStatus = yes, what is the UNID of the original article? Note, there is no revision date or time; in this architecture, each revision receives its own UNID and is therefore its own distinct record; earlierVersionUNID is the connective tissue between originals and revisions
seriesCompanionUNID	If this article is part of a series, what are its companion articles, as identified by their UNIDs?
basedOnUNID	If this article is basedOn another article, what is the source article's UNID?
syndicationOfUNID	If this article is a syndicationOf an original article published elsewhere, what is the source article's UNID?
translationOfUNID	If this article is a translation of a source article, what is the source article's UNID?

Text

A text value.

Instances of Text appear as values in the following object properties:

Property	Description
pageTitle	Page title as defined by the <title> tag
headline	Canonical article headline, typically defined by <meta name="description"> and/or <meta property="og:title">
summary	As defined by <meta property="og:description">
type	Type of hyperlink found in the article body, options: internal external affiliate
otherHeadlines	Other known headlines that are not connected to a distinct URL, for example headlines generated during A/B testing, written for newsletters and included in social media posts
subheadline	Article subheadline, or subhed, if any
dateline
articleBody	Article text, excluding bylines, datelines, image credits and other ancillary text
subject	Who or what is primarily being discussed, reported on, reviewed and so forth
keywords	Keywords are terms found to be associated with articles upon analysis by Pressland and other third parties after publication
hasCorrectionText	If this article has an associated correction, what is the text of this correction?
revisionStatus	Is this article a revision of a previous version?
publicationDetail	example: eg, "This article originally appeared in the Sunday print edition of the New York Times."
cms	What CMS was used to publish this article? Prefilled options include: WordPress WordPress VIP WordPress Newspack Drupal GrapheneCMS RebelMouse Squarespace Wix Arc Chorus The New York Times CMS Clay NewsProject Joomla Medium Contentful Narrative Publiq Blogger NationBuilder Shopify Typo3 Movable Type Contentstack MailChimp Substack Custom Other
productionNotes	Notes on this article's production — may be internal notes from the CMS or external documentation by the author and/or editor
extId	ExternalID – a placeholder field for flexible use
seriesName	If this article is part of a series, what is the name of the series?
copyright	List of available copyright options, including: Standard U.S. Copyright Attribution (CC BY) Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) Attribution-NoDerivs (CC BY-ND) Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND) Public Domain Unknown Other
copyrightHolder	Name of the copyright holder, as identified in the article text, the outlet's website or another primary source
license	Other license term, if any, that is distinct from the copyright
fullName	The full name of the person
title	Title of embedded media, if any, as it is presented in the article
firstName	Person's first name, also known as given name
middleName	Person's middle name
lastName	Person's last name, also known as family name
honorificPrefix	Honorific prefix of a professional nature, ie Dr., Rev., Hon.
honorificSuffix	Honorific suffix of a professional nature, ie PhD, JD
bylines	Known bylines for this person:writer
penNames	Known pen names for this person:writer
penNameStatuses	Public vs. private, specified for instances of a private pseudonym becoming known through analysis or other reporting
genderIdentification	Suggested gender identification options, as suggested by the National Center for Transgender Equality: male female unspecified other
genderIdentificationOther	"Other" option for gender identification preference not shown above
preferredPronouns	Suggested preferred pronouns, as suggested by the National Center for Transgender Equality: he/him she/her they/them other
preferredPronounsOther	"Other" option for preferred pronouns not shown above
birthPlace	This person's place of birth, to be included when deemed safe, useful and professionally relevant
deathPlace	Place of death
biography	Biography and/or professional description of this person
location	This person's working location, to be included when deemed safe, useful and professionally relevant
representedBy	This person's agent, if applicable
pointOfContact	Contact point or person for this person
otherWork	Professional output that isn't categorized as articles, and therefore are not indexed thoroughly, such as: non-fiction book novel film script television program scientific paper white paper other
mediaAppearances	Media appearances by this person, such as: video radio live event podcast webcast film appearance other
subjectOf	Other media that have covered this outlet as their subject
currentJobTitle	Current job title
currentEmploymentType	Type of current employment, multiple options include: full-time part-time freelance contract volunteer other
pastJobTitle	Past job title
pastEmploymentType	Type of past employment, multiple options include: full-time part-time freelance contract volunteer other
degrees	Accredited degrees held by this person
awards	Awards given to this outlet
credentials	Noteworthy credentials held by this outlet
publicOffice	Public office(s) held by this person
name	The name line for the address (i.e. "John Doe"). Can be omitted in cases where not relevant
alternateName	For example, WaPo as common shorthand for The Washington Post
description	Description(s) of this outlet
slogan	Company slogan, motto and such
areaServed	Region or market primarily served by this outlet, if applicable and/or useful to specify
legalName	Company's legal name
companyType	Company structure, if any, if know, options: C corp. S corp. B corp. LLC Sole proprietor Nonprofit 503(c) Nonprofit Other Other
companyStatus	Public Private Nonprofit Unknown
events	Events assoicated with this outlet; eg, TechCrunch Disrupt
domainName	Standard WHOIS value
registrant	Standard WHOIS value
registryDomainId	Standard WHOIS value
registrarWhoisServer	Standard WHOIS value
nameServers	Standard WHOIS value
technicalContact	Standard WHOIS value
code	ISO 3166 country code for the country
parent	Name of parent section, if this is actually a subsection
host	Where is the embed hosted — locally or via API? local remote via API
sourceName	Source name of the media embed, for example Getty Images, @LilNasX, UNESCO
caption	Caption of embedded media, if any, as it is presented in the article
credit	Credit of embedded media, if any, as it is presented in the article
text	Text that is hyperlinked within the article body
line1	The first line of the address. For example: "742 Evergreen Terrace"
line2	The second line of the address. For example: "Apartment 1A"
city	The city of the address.
stateProvince	The state, province or prefecture for the address
postalCode	The postal code of the address

PhoneNumber

A telephone number, rendered as Text.

Instances of PhoneNumber appear as values in the following object properties:

Property	Description
phone	Primary and/or general phone number
fax	Primary and/or general fax line number

Integer

An integer value.

Instances of Integer appear as values in the following object properties:

Property	Description
wordCount	Article word count, excluding bylines, datelines, image credits and other ancillary text
revisionNumber	The revision number for the article.
copyrightYear	Copyright year, as identified in the article text, the outlet's website or another primary source
numberOfEmployees	Number of employees, in most cases defined as being full-time
count	Total appearances in writer, editor and outlet records

ID

An identifier, rendered as Text.

Instances of ID appear as values in the following object properties:

Property	Description
UNID	UNID of article that included this link in its body
earlierVersionUNID	If revisionStatus = yes, what is the UNID of the original article? Note, there is no revision date or time; in this architecture, each revision receives its own UNID and is therefore its own distinct record; earlierVersionUNID is the connective tissue between originals and revisions
seriesCompanionUNID	If this article is part of a series, what are its companion articles, as identified by their UNIDs?
basedOnUNID	If this article is basedOn another article, what is the source article's UNID?
syndicationOfUNID	If this article is a syndicationOf an original article published elsewhere, what is the source article's UNID?
translationOfUNID	If this article is a translation of a source article, what is the source article's UNID?
id	A unique outlet identifier, rendered as in the same manner as UNID, with concatenated values to be determined

Email

An email address, rendered as Text.

Instances of Email appear as values in the following object properties:

Property	Description
workEmail	Professional email account(s) for this person
email	Primary and/or general email contact

DateTime

A date and time represented in ISO 8601 format.

Instances of DateTime appear as values in the following object properties:

Property	Description
publicationDate	Publication date and time, as defined in the article text and/or code
creationDate	Standard WHOIS value
revisedDate	The date of last revision for the article.
recordCreated	Record creation date and time, per Pressland
recordLastUpdated	Record last updated date and time, per Pressland
updatedDate	Standard WHOIS value
registrarRegistrationExpirationDate	Standard WHOIS value

Date

A date represented in ISO 8601 date format.

Instances of Date appear as values in the following object properties:

Property	Description
birthDate	This person's birthday or year, to be included when deemed safe, useful and professionally relevant
deathDate	Date of death
currentEmployerStartDate	Start date of current employment
employmentStartDate	Past employment start date
employmentEndDate	Past employment end date
dateFounded	Founding date of this outlet
dateClosed	When this outlet stopped publishing or otherwise went out of business

Boolean

A boolean (true or false) value, rendered as Text.

Instances of Boolean appear as values in the following object properties:

Property	Description
hasCorrections	Does this article have an associated correction, as published by the source outlet?
paywalled	Is this article behind a paywall?
partOfSeries	Is this article part of a series, as organized by the publishing outlet?
basedOn	Is this article based on another article? Not to be confused with revisionStatus, basedOn indicates an inciting source article, such as the relationship between a blog post and the original article that inspired (and is likely cited by) the blog post
syndicationOf	Is this article a syndication of an original article published elsewhere? Not to be confused with basedOn, syndicationOf indicates a direct relationship to source material, such as the relationship between a syndicated article on Yahoo Travel and the original article as it was published on Travel + Leisure.
translationOf	Is this article a language translation of another article?
alive
subscriptionRequired
subscriptionAvailable

Properties

The below table documents all property names defined across the Pressland protocol.

Property
UNID
url
pageTitle
headline
summary
outlet
publicationDate
writer
editor
type
otherHeadlines
subheadline
dateline
articleBody
wordCount
subject
keywords
tags
hasCorrections
hasCorrectionUrl
hasCorrectionText
linkToComments
countryOfPublication
language
image
section
subsection
creationDate
revisionStatus
earlierVersionUNID
paywalled
publicationDetail
revisionNumber
revisedDate
cms
productionNotes
extId
link
embeddedMedia
partOfSeries
seriesName
seriesPosition
seriesCompanionUNID
basedOn
basedOnUNID
syndicationOf
syndicationOfUNID
translationOf
translationOfUNID
originalLanguage
copyright
copyrightHolder
copyrightYear
license
recordCreated
recordLastUpdated
id
fullName
title
firstName
middleName
lastName
honorificPrefix
honorificSuffix
bylines
penNames
penNameStatuses
isNot
genderIdentification
genderIdentificationOther
preferredPronouns
preferredPronounsOther
alive
birthDate
birthPlace
deathDate
deathPlace
languages
nationality
biography
biographySources
location
website
representedBy
pointOfContact
socialMediaAccounts
beats
sections
otherWork
otherWorkURL
mediaAppearances
mediaAppearancesURL
subjectOf
currentEmployer
currentJobTitle
currentEmployerStartDate
currentEmploymentType
workEmail
workAddress
workPhone
pastEmployer
pastJobTitle
employmentStartDate
employmentEndDate
pastEmploymentType
alumniOf
degrees
memberships
awards
affiliations
credentials
sponsoredBy
supportedBy
brandAssociation
supporterOf
advisorTo
owns
publicOffice
publicOfficeRecord
executiveOf
executiveOfRecord
relatedTo
homePage
name
alternateName
logoPrimary
logoSecondary
imageOfProduct
description
descriptionSource
slogan
coverageTopics
subsections
areaServed
address
email
phone
fax
subscriptionRequired
subscriptionAvailable
subscriptionDetails
dateFounded
dateClosed
legalName
companyType
companyStatus
foundedBy
foundingLocation
parentOrganization
subsidiaryOf
relatedOutlets
ownerOf
executivesCurrent
executivesPast
publicEditor
dunBradstreet
writersGuidelines
numberOfEmployees
mastheadURL
events
domainName
registrant
registryDomainId
registrarWhoisServer
registrarUrl
updatedDate
registrarRegistrationExpirationDate
nameServers
technicalContact
currentWhoisLink
whoisHistoryLink
count
code
parent
host
sourceName
sourceUrl
caption
credit
text
line1
line2
city
stateProvince
postalCode
country

Universal News Protocol

Entities

Article

Person

Outlet

WebsiteDetails

Tag

Keyword

Language

Section

Embed

Link

Country

Organization

Beat

Address

Core Types

URI

UNID

Text

PhoneNumber

Integer

ID

Email

DateTime

Date

Boolean

Properties

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